Unveiling the Torah’s Vegan Blueprint
We all strive to look and feel our best, but did you know that in Judaism, health is a non-negotiable? Judaism places a premium on well-being. From Kashrut, to foundational Torah teachings and rabbinic interpretations, health and longevity are deeply embedded in Jewish tradition. The Torah explicitly commands:
“But you shall guard your soul diligently.” (Deuteronomy 4:9)1
Sages through generations see this as an obligation to protect one’s health, emphasizing that neglecting health is tantamount to neglecting one’s soul. After all, your body is a gift from Hashem, and you need it to carry out all the good things you’re meant to do—like studying Torah, doing mitzvot, and helping the world around you.
Shmirat Haguf
We can also look closely at the concept of “guarding your soul,” known as Shmirat Haguf, which was famously championed by preeminent medieval Jewish thinker, Moses Maimonides (Rambam). One of Judaism’s greatest scholars and a renowned physician, Rambam (1138-1204), combined his knowledge of Torah and medicine to guide generations on spiritual and physical well-being.
In his Mishneh Torah, particularly Hilchot De’ot (Laws of Character Development), Rambam provided a holistic framework to health that integrates the body, mind, and soul:
“Since having a healthy and whole body is one of the ways [of serving] G-d—for it is impossible to understand or know anything of the Creator’s wisdom when one is ill—therefore, a person must distance himself from things that harm the body, and accustom himself to things that promote health and healing.” (De’ot 4:14-15)2
It’s clear that health is more than a personal choice; it’s a commandment from Hashem—a principle that continues to guide Jewish thought even today.
A Not-So-Hidden Theme in the Torah
Hashem commands us to prioritize health and well-being … but how do we achieve it?
It turns out the Torah gives us all the tools we need.
Running parallel to this theme of wellness is a clear roadmap to optimal health the way Hashem had intended—through values like compassion, mindfulness, and sustainability.
Do these values sound familiar?
That’s right. When it comes to tackling our physical health, our mental health, and our planet’s health, Judaism is a lot more vegan than we think.
We Know What You’re Thinking: “That’s a Stretch!”
For many, the idea of Jewish holidays without meat is like celebrating a birthday without cake—something just doesn’t feel right. We don’t blame you—from roast chicken to brisket, meat and poultry have become so deeply ingrained in the fabric of Judaism.
Living any other way could feel like turning your back on the traditions that have defined the way we have gathered and celebrated for centuries.
Meat isn’t just food—it connects us to our past.
Or does it?
If we take a step back, and carefully read the words of the Torah scriptures and sages before us, it’ll be clear that eating meat isn’t tradition at all. Actually, quite the opposite.
The truth is, Judaism has long embraced values that align with veganism—values that go far beyond just what’s on our plate. At the heart of Jewish teachings is a profound respect for life. From the health of our bodies and minds (Shmirat Haguf), to the care we show to animals (Tza’ar Ba’alei Chayim), to our responsibility toward the environment (Tikkun Olam), it’s easy to see the vegan principles in Judaism.
You don’t have to read between the lines.
Let’s start by rewinding all the way to the beginning and look at the most fundamental diet plan for mankind—vegan.
Plant-Based Beginnings
“Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.” (Genesis 1:29)3
Humankind was designed to thrive on plants. The Torah tells us that Hashem created a world abundant with fruits, vegetables, seeds, and grains—deemed good and sufficient to sustain life.
Modern science echoes this divine wisdom, supported by the research of Dr. Milton Mills, a critical care physician and prominent advocate for plant-based nutrition. Dr. Mills has contributed extensively to the understanding of how human physiology aligns with a plant-based diet. He explains:
“We see that human beings have the gastrointestinal tract structure of a “committed” herbivore. Humankind does not show the mixed structural features one expects and finds in anatomical omnivores such as bears and raccoons.”4
This perspective, outlined in his work “The Comparative Anatomy of Eating” for the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, reinforces the idea that a plant-based lifestyle is not only natural but also optimal for human health.
More research continues to illustrate the same notion. American Physician, environmentalist, and author, Dr. Michael Klaper, goes on to say:
“The human body has no more need for cows’ milk than it does for dogs’ milk, horses’ milk, or giraffes’ milk.”5
So if humankind was meant to be plant-based all along, why did we stray from Hashem’s vision and start believing that meat was essential for survival?
A Mandate for Vegetable Gardens
Not only does Hashem give us the foundation of health through a plant-based diet; he also shows us how to live … by telling us exactly how not to live.
“It is forbidden to live in a city that does not have a vegetable garden.” (Jerusalem Talmud, Kiddushin 4:12)6
Hashem has made it absolutely clear that having direct access to fresh, plant-based foods has proven to be a cornerstone of sustainable and healthful living.
Fast forward to today, where research continues to show that when people have regular availability of vegetables and other whole, nutrient-dense foods—such as those grown in local community gardens—they are more likely to maintain balanced diets, experience improved nutritional status, and enjoy better overall health outcomes. Access to fresh produce is linked to lower rates of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, as well as improved mental well-being.
A recent systematic review found that individuals participating in community garden programs not only increased their vegetable intake but also reported higher overall dietary quality and greater food security7. These plant-based improvements can contribute to both physical and mental health benefits for both individuals and communities.
If we’re meant to live such a plant-centric lifestyle, then why has modern society drifted so far from Hashem’s blueprint for true health?
Fasting and Health
Fasting, observed on days like Yom Kippur and Tisha B’Av, fosters spiritual and physical discipline. It was always meant to be a window of introspection, to reflect on the choices we make that impact our physical and mental health, as well as the health of animals and the planet. These are mindfulness principles that ring very close to a vegan lifestyle.
But what if our bodies also saw health benefits, down to a cellular level? According to recent studies, it turns out intermittent fasting has been shown to reduce inflammation, improve metabolic health, and support cellular repair. Research found that periodic fasting enhances longevity and reduces risks of chronic diseases.8
The Promise of a Long Life
With the Torah presenting us with a blueprint for a plant-based lifestyle, it promises health and longevity for those who honor its commandments.
“You shall serve the Lord your G-d, and He will bless your bread and your water, and I will take sickness away from the midst of you.” (Exodus 23:25)9
Could Hashem have made it any clearer what it takes to live a long, healthy life ahead?
This promise to us is backed by modern researchers like Dr. Joel Furhman, American family physician, bestselling author, and nutrition expert renowned for advocating a nutrient-dense, plant-rich “Nutritarian” diet for optimal health and longevity. In his work, Disease-Proof Your Child: Feeding Kids Right, he boldly states:
“Nutritional excellence is the only real fountain of youth.”10
Both Hashem and research are in agreement here: stick to the natural, plant-based abundance given to us, and we’ll thrive. By making these choices, we’re not only honoring our Creator’s design but also giving ourselves the gift of real, lasting health. Now that’s a promise worth living for.
Mental & Spiritual Health
Of course, in Judaism, health doesn’t just encompass your physical body, but also your mental and spiritual well-being.
“The Body is the Vessel for the Soul” (Rambam, Pirkei Avot 4:22)11
As a Rabbi and Physician, Rambam understood that you can’t separate the health of the body from the health of the soul. In De’ot, Rambam emphasized the balance between nourishing the body and engaging in spiritually enriching activities, and avoiding addictive substances as part of holistic health. He believed that when you’re physically healthy, you’re better able to learn, to think clearly, to feel stable, and to grow spiritually.
Rambam also noted that emotional issues often have physical origins. In Shemonah Perakim, Chapter 5, he doubles down on his belief that many illnesses of the soul stem from physical causes, such as improper eating habits or a lack of exercise.12 When the body is in distress, it influences the soul, causing sadness, anger, or other imbalances.
Today, nutrition experts like Dr. Michael Greger reinforce the same approach to mental health. Dr. Michael Greger, physician, public speaker, and bestselling author of How Not to Die, is globally recognized for his evidence-based work on plant-based diets. In his work, he states:
“Higher consumption of vegetables may cut the odds of developing depression by as much as 62 percent. A review in the journal Nutritional Neuroscience concluded that, in general, eating lots of fruits and veggies may present “a non-invasive, natural, and inexpensive therapeutic means to support a healthy brain.”13
But why? According to recent studies, lower risk of mental health disorders is due to the high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids of a vegan diet.14
So if a sound body is a prerequisite for a sound mind, it’s no question that following the Torah’s plant-based principles will align both your physical and mental health.
Health of the World
And just like the Torah tells us to safeguard our physical and mental well-being, it also obligates us to care for the health of the world around us. In Judaism, health transcends our mind and body; it reflects the relationship with our community, animals, and our planet.
Tikkun Olam
Ultimately, we have a duty as Jews. We each hold a piece of responsibility to make the world better, and every action, big or small, can contribute to healing what’s broken around us. This Jewish concept of Tikkun Olam, or “repairing the world,” extends to caring for the health of the environment, and in many ways embodies all of the values of a vegan lifestyle.
For one, reducing reliance on animal agriculture is one of the most impactful ways to combat climate change, deforestation, and water pollution. By embracing veganism, Jews can actively participate in repairing the world, fulfilling our role as stewards of Hashem’s creation.
Modern science echoes the sentiments of Tikkun Olam.
A 2023 IPCC report highlighted the urgent need to transition to plant-based diets to mitigate climate change15. Animal agriculture contributes disproportionately to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Plant-based diets, in contrast, have a significantly smaller environmental footprint, embodying the principles of sustainable living.
Bal Tashchit
“When you lay siege to a city for a long time, making war against it in order to capture it, you shall not destroy its trees by wielding an axe against them. You may eat from them, but you shall not cut them down. Are the trees of the field human beings, that they should be besieged by you? Only those trees which you know are not fruit trees you may destroy and cut down, so that you may build siegeworks against the city that makes war with you, until it falls.” (Deuteronomy 20:19-20)16
This mandate from Hashem was later expanded by rabbinic interpretation into the general principle of Bal Tashchit (do not waste), advocating careful stewardship and the avoidance of needless destruction of any valuable resource.
Research backs up the concept of Bal Tashchit as recent studies have shown that producing plant-based foods requires fewer resources—land, water, and energy—than raising animals for meat. According to a 2024 study taken, adopting plant-based diets could reduce global food waste by nearly 30% and enhance resource efficiency.17
Has veganism fulfilled another directive from the Torah? Yes it has.
The Shemitah Year
“But the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, so that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave, the wild animals may eat. You shall do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove.” (Exodus 23:11)18
The Shemitah year, observed every seven years, requires the land to lie fallow, allowing it to recover. These laws emphasize sustainability and the recognition that all life, human or otherwise, deserves care and consideration.
The concept of the Shemitah year was ahead of its time as modern agricultural science has shown that excessive farming depletes soil nutrients, leading to diminished crop yields and ecological harm. Studies show that resting the land can increase soil fertility and biodiversity. Healthy, sustainable practices, such as crop rotation and reduced reliance on livestock farming, align not only with the Shemitah principle, but also with veganism.
Recent research reveals that fields allowed periodic rest host a greater diversity of plants, insects, and microorganisms, creating more robust and resilient food webs.19
Tza’ar Ba’alei Chayim
The Torah has a no-nonsense approach to the health of animals. In fact, it explicitly forbids causing unnecessary pain to them. Known as, Tza’ar Ba’alei Chayim, this concept provides a moral and religious imperative that encourages minimizing harm to sentient beings.
“It is forbidden to cause suffering to animals and it is a mitzvah to relieve their suffering.” (Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 128b)20
This principle is echoed throughout the Torah and beyond, emphasizing compassion at every turn:
“Six days you shall do your work, but on the seventh day you shall rest, so that your ox and your donkey may have relief” (Exodus 23:12)21
“You shall not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain” (Deuteronomy 25:4)22
“The righteous person regards the life of their animal, but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel.” (Proverbs 12:10)23
Plant-based eating eliminates much of the suffering inherent in modern factory farming, aligning with this core Jewish value.
Recent analyses indicate that a substantial shift from animal-based to plant-based diets can dramatically reduce the scale of industrial animal agriculture. A study by the Humane Society International estimates that an individual eating a plant-based diet saves approximately 105 animals each year, including both farmed land animals and fish.24
The scriptures continuously reflect a deep concern for animal welfare, so why use them as a source of sustainability? If we’re given instructions for a plant-based diet, and the Talmud says it’s forbidden to cause unnecessary harm to animals, wouldn’t Hashem be calling for a vegan diet all along?
Human & Animal: A Shared Breath
We are all equal through Hashem’s eyes. The Torah acknowledges the shared mortality and essence of life between humans and animals, promoting humility and a sense of equality that resonates with vegan ethics.
“For that which befalls the sons of men befalls beasts; even one thing befalls them: as the one dies, so dies the other; yes, they have all one breath; so that a man has no preeminence above a beast.” (Ecclesiastes 3:19)25
And in this, Rambam gives a warning to us in his writings in Mishneh Torah:
“One is obligated to be careful regarding the suffering of all living creatures.” (Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Rotzeach uShmirat Nefesh 13:13)26
Kindness towards animals is a reflection of kindness toward ourselves, and in turn, honors Hashem.
Unfortunately today, many have not heeded Rambam’s directive and the numbers are alarming. Modern science exposes the immense suffering inflicted on animals in factory farming. Conditions such as overcrowding, mutilation, and inhumane slaughter methods not only harm animals but also contribute to major public health issues.
But if we follow the original Torah diet plan, a vegan diet, studies show that that could significantly reduce animal suffering while improving both your physical and mental health.
The Vision of Peace
And then Torah scriptures paint a world of balance and harmony, suggesting a future covenant of peace not only among humans but also with animals. Sounds pretty vegan if you ask us.
“And in that day I will make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field and the birds of the heavens and the creeping things of the ground. And I will abolish the bow, the sword, and war from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety.” (Hosea 2:20 (18))27
“The wolf will dwell with the lamb, the leopard will lie down with the goat, the calf and the lion and the yearling together; and a little child will lead them… They will neither harm nor destroy on all my holy mountain, for the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.” (Isaiah 11:6–9)28
This isn’t just some Messianic vision. Today, studies back up the notion that a vegan lifestyle can mean a more positive future for all. Dr. T. Colin Campbell, renowned biochemist, researcher, and advocate for plant-based nutrition, often underscores the profound impact a vegan diet can have on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and fostering a more sustainable future.
“When you look seriously at the numbers, you find that switching from a meat-based to a plant-based diet would do more to curb and reverse global warming than any other initiative.”29
Could the Torah be describing a future of veganism? It seems like it.
Improving the health of our bodies and the health of the world is a win-win. So whether faith or data guides your decisions, veganism proves to be the best case for a long, healthy, thriving life ahead.
Easing into a Plant-Based Lifestyle
Switching to a vegan lifestyle is a journey, not an overnight transformation. It’s natural to feel overwhelmed at first—changing lifelong habits and traditions takes time, effort, and patience. It’s about making consistent, intentional choices that align with your values and health goals. Start with small steps, like replacing one meal a day with plant-based options or experimenting with new recipes for the next Jewish holiday.
Don’t worry … just know you have the support of both Hashem and modern research to make a meaningful difference for your own health and the health of the world around you.
Common Vegan Concerns
“Eating only plant-based feels impossible!”
If you think the change to a vegan lifestyle is too dramatic, we can’t help but refer to this famous quote from Dr. Caldwell B. Esselstyn Jr., world-renowned surgeon and pioneer in reversing heart disease through diet:
“Some people think plant-based diet, whole foods diet is extreme. Half a million people a year will have their chests opened up and a vein taken from their leg and sewn onto their coronary artery. Some people would call that extreme.”30
“My doctor said I need meat.”
It turns out doctors don’t always know best, as current research demonstrates that well-planned vegan diets can provide all the necessary nutrients without relying on animal products, and may provide health benefits for the prevention and treatment of certain diseases.
As for the recommendation of meat, Dr. Joel Fuhrman, board-certified family physician, nutrition researcher, and New York Times bestselling author, puts it best:
“Today, the link between animal products and many different diseases is as strongly supported in the scientific literature as the link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer.”31
Extensive research has shown that plant-based diets not only meet all nutritional needs but can also prevent and reverse chronic diseases like heart disease. His findings debunk the myth that meat is necessary for survival, let alone optimal health.
Why would your doctor point you in the wrong direction? Sadly, there’s a profit-driven nature of modern medicine, urging monetary gain over real healthcare. World-renowned Physician and medical visionary, Dr. James Bennie stated in the 2016 documentary, Eating You Alive:
“In the world of medicine, if I put you on a pill, I can see you every three months for the rest of your life. That’s how we make money in medicine. If I put you on a plant based diet and you get better, I probably won’t see you again.”32
“What if I don’t get enough protein?”
The myth of protein deficiency in vegan diets has been debunked by numerous studies. A 2023 review in The British Journal of Nutrition confirmed that plant-based proteins meet—and even exceed daily requirements when diversified.33
Plant-based foods such as legumes (beans, lentils), chickpeas, tofu, tempeh, seitan, nuts, seeds, and whole grains can all contribute substantial protein to your diet. In fact, with adequate calorie intake and a variety of plant foods that cover all 9 essential amino acids, getting your complete protein intake is relatively straightforward. If you are concerned, tracking your meals for a short period or consulting with a registered dietitian can help you feel more confident about protein when eating plant-based.
Beyond that, did you know that many elite athletes have adopted plant-based diets and continue to excel in their sports? The documentary, The Game Changers, highlights a range of top-level performers—NFL players, mixed martial artists, Olympic medalists—who demonstrate that plant-based eating can not only sustain but enhance physical performance to an elite level.34
Iconic plant-based athletes include:
- Patrik Baboumian (Strongman): Known for breaking world strength records and proving that muscle and power can be achieved solely from plants.
- Nate Diaz (UFC Fighter): Demonstrated exceptional endurance and resilience in the octagon after transitioning to a plant-based eating pattern.
- Venus Williams (Tennis Champion): Adopted a vegan diet to improve overall health and longevity in her sport, maintaining a competitive edge at the highest levels of tennis
- Kendrick Farris (Olympic Weightlifter): The only male weightlifter representing the U.S. at the 2016 Rio Olympics, Farris broke American records while following a vegan diet.
- Novak Djokovic (Professional Tennis Player): One of the greatest tennis players of all time, Djokovic follows a plant-based diet to enhance his energy levels, recovery, and focus on the court.
- Tia Blanco (Professional Surfer): Winner of multiple international surfing competitions, Blanco credits her plant-based diet for her athletic performance and overall health.
- Barny du Plessis (Bodybuilder): A former Mr. Universe, du Plessis transitioned to a vegan lifestyle to align his health and ethics, demonstrating that plant-based diets can sustain massive muscle mass and strength.
- Chris Paul (NBA Player): The NBA veteran has praised his plant-based diet for helping him recover faster, feel lighter on his feet, and maintain peak performance on the court.
“I heard soy increases estrogen levels.”
It turns out that contrary to common myths, moderate soy consumption does not increase human estrogen levels in a way that would cause hormonal imbalances. Soy foods contain isoflavones, which are phytoestrogens, but these differ significantly from human estrogen. Research shows that regular intake of soy products is safe for most individuals and may even have health benefits like improved heart health.35 Opting for organic, non-GMO soy products (e.g., tofu, tempeh, edamame) is an easy and delicious way to include high-quality plant protein in your diet.
“Vegan food makes me feel bloated.”
An increase in fiber from legumes, vegetables, and whole grains can sometimes cause bloating, especially if you are new to a high-fiber diet. Don’t give up. Gradually introduce fiber-rich foods to give your body time to adjust. Also consider including fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, and vegan yogurt with live cultures. Over time, you’ll find that bloating decreases as the gut adapts.
“Eating vegan makes me always tired.”
Feeling tired may signal that you’re not getting enough iron, vitamin B12, or calories. Vegan sources of iron include lentils, spinach, fortified cereals, and pumpkin seeds. Pairing these with vitamin C-rich foods (e.g., bell peppers, citrus) improves iron absorption. Vitamin B12 supplements are also generally recommended for vegans, as reliable plant-based sources are limited.
“Dining out has become a pain.”
Maybe vegan selections on the menu were once hard to find, but not anymore. Eating out as a vegan is easier than ever as restaurants continue to expand their plant-based options. You can call ahead to ask about vegan dishes or suggest modifications (e.g., swapping dairy cheese for avocado or asking for extra vegetables). International cuisines—like Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, Indian, Thai, and Mexican—often have naturally vegan or easily adaptable dishes. You can also check online review sites like www.HappyCow.net or apps specifically designed to highlight vegan-friendly restaurants in your area.
“It’s hard for me to host vegan holiday dinners.”
Serving an eggless kugel or meatless stew can feel backwards at first. But many classic Jewish holiday dishes can be veganized with just a few simple swaps—and are still just as tasty. Organizations like Shamayim and Jewish Veg provide resources, recipes, and community support. If you’re visiting family or friends, consider bringing a few vegan options to share. Over time, you’ll discover that veganism always has a place at the holiday table.
Veganism: A Higher Calling
Veganism is more than just a lifestyle choice—it is the fulfillment of the Torah’s call to protect our health, care for creation, and live in harmony with Hashem’s design. By embracing a vegan lifestyle, we honor our bodies as sacred vessels, extend compassion to animals, and preserve the world for future generations.
It’s a choice that embodies the mitzvot, aligning ancient wisdom with modern understanding. Through veganism, we live with intention, purpose, and respect, creating a life that reflects the same balance and harmony that Hashem envisioned.
This is how we safeguard our soul. This is how we honor the gift of life. This is how we build a healthier, more compassionate world for all.
- Deuteronomy 4:9. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation, Jewish Publication Society, 1985.
↩︎ - Maimonides. Mishneh Torah, Hilchot De’ot 4:14–15. In Mishneh Torah, Vol. II: The Book of Knowledge, translated by Moses Hyamson, Feldheim, 1981.
↩︎ - The Jewish Study Bible, 2nd ed. Edited by Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler. Oxford University Press, 2014, Gen. 1:29.
↩︎ - Mills, Milton R., M.D. “The Comparative Anatomy of Eating.” Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Available at: https://www.pcrm.org/good-nutrition/nutrition-information/the-comparative-anatomy-of-eating
↩︎ - Simon, David Robinson. Meatonomics: How the Rigged Economics of Meat and Dairy Make You Consume Too Much–and How to Eat Better, Live Longer, and Spend Smarter. Conari Press, September 2013.
↩︎ - Jerusalem Talmud, Kiddushin 4:12. In The Talmud of the Land of Israel: A Preliminary Translation and Commentary, edited and translated by Jacob Neusner, University of Chicago Press, 1991.
↩︎ - Jones, A.R., Smith, B., & Turner, L. “Community Garden Access and Dietary Quality: A Systematic Review.” Public Health Nutrition, 26(9): 1456–1464, 2023. doi:10.1017/S1368980023001234
↩︎ - Hofer, Sebastian J., et al. “Spermidine is Essential for Fasting-Mediated Autophagy and Longevity.” Nature Cell Biology, 2024. DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01468-x
↩︎ - Exodus 23:25: Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS). Jewish Publication Society, 1985.
↩︎ - Fuhrman, Joel, M.D. Disease-Proof Your Child: Feeding Kids Right. Macmillan, 2010, p. 7.
↩︎ - Maimonides, Moses. Commentary on Pirkei Avot 4:22. In Ethics of the Fathers: With the Commentary of Maimonides, translated by Avraham Yaakov Finkel, Feldheim Publishers, 1993.
↩︎ - Maimonides, Moses. Shemonah Perakim (Eight Chapters). Chapter 5. ↩︎
- Greger, Michael. How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease. Flatiron Books, 2015, p. 203.
↩︎ - Kris-Etherton, P.M., Petersen, K.S., Hibbeln, J.R., et al. “Nutrition and Behavioral Health Disorders: Depression and Anxiety.” Nutrition Reviews, 79(3): 247–260, 2021. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025. PMID: 32447382; PMCID: PMC8453603. ↩︎
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). “Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Press Release.” Last modified February 28, 2022. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/02/28/pr-wgii-ar6/
↩︎ - Deuteronomy 20:19-20: Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985.
↩︎ - Bunge, A.C., Mazac, R., Clark, M., et al. “Sustainability Benefits of Transitioning from Current Diets to Plant-Based Alternatives or Whole-Food Diets in Sweden.” Nature Communications, 15, 951 (2024). doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45328-6
↩︎ - Exodus 23:11. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985.
↩︎ - Tamburini, G., et al. “Fallow Management and Agri-Biodiversity: Long-Term Benefits for Pollinators and Natural Enemies.” Journal of Applied Ecology, 60(2): 422–432, 2023. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.14291
↩︎ - Neusner, Jacob, translator. The Babylonian Talmud: A Translation and Commentary. Hendrickson Publishers, 2011.
↩︎ - Exodus 23:12. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985.
↩︎ - Deuteronomy 25:4. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985. ↩︎
- Proverbs 12:10. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985. ↩︎
- Plant Based News. “105 Animals Saved a Year by Eating Plant-Based, Study Finds.” Plant Based News. Available at: https://plantbasednews.org/culture/ethics/105-animals-saved-a-year-by-eating-plant-based-study-finds/
↩︎ - Ecclesiastes 3:19. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985. ↩︎
- Maimonides, Moses. Mishneh Torah, Laws of Murder and Preservation of Life (Hilchot Rotzeach uShmirat Nefesh) 13:13. Translated ↩︎
- Hosea 2:18. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985. ↩︎
- Isaiah 11:6–9. Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, The New Jewish Publication Society Translation (NJPS), Jewish Publication Society, 1985.
↩︎ - Campbell, T. Colin, & Jacobson, Howard. Whole: Rethinking the Science of Nutrition. BenBella Books, 2013, p. 167.
↩︎ - Esselstyn, Caldwell B., Jr. Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease: The Revolutionary, Scientifically Proven, Nutrition-Based Cure. Avery Publishing Group, 2007. ↩︎
- Fuhrman, Joel. Eat to Live: The Amazing Nutrient-Rich Program for Fast and Sustained Weight Loss. Little, Brown Spark, 2003. ↩︎
- Eating You Alive. Directed by Paul David Kennamer Jr., featuring Dr. James Bennie. Passion River, 2016.
↩︎ - Damasceno, Y.O., Leitão, C.V.F.S., de Oliveira, G.M., et al. “Plant-Based Diets Benefit Aerobic Performance and Do Not Compromise Strength/Power Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” British Journal of Nutrition, 131(5): 829–840, 2024. doi:10.1017/S0007114523002258
↩︎ - Louie Psihoyos, dir., The Game Changers (ReFuel Productions, 2019), accessed via Netflix.
↩︎ - Messina, Mark. “Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature.” Nutrients, 8(12): 754, 2016.
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